TAMIL NADU: KUMARIKANDAM
MEENDUM?
Researchers in the Earth and Planetary
Science letters state that instead of Earth's surface being divided into 12
major plates there are now 13 plates. In the latest research by Lamont-Doherty
scientists about 8 million years ago the accumulated mass of Indian
subcontinent became so great that the Indo-Australian plate buckled and broke
under stress. The result of this crucial stage in the collision between India and Australia is the break up of
Indo-Australian plate into separate Indian and Australian plates. In The
Central Indian Ocean Nature is conducting a large scale experiment for us
showing what happens to the oceanic lithosphere (earths outer layer) when force
is applied. Using drilled samples in 1970 scientists discovered that a broad
zone of the Indian Ocean floor stretching more
than 960 kilometers from east to west along with the equator was compressed and
deformed. They later found that the newly created seafloor had spread outward
from the mid ocean ridges in the zone and theorized that the movement of
seafloor could only be fitted in only if a distinct boundary existed between
Indian and Australian plates... [On this in Dinamani Tamil daily 26.01.1996
Nandhivarman had written as "Meendum Thonruma Kumari kandam?"]
The changes that could happen have been a
matter of speculation. Highlighting the gravity of the situation in THE
OTHERSIDE October 1997 edited by George Fernandez, Nandhivarman wrote with
specific thrust on Pondicherry
as follows:
WILL PONDICHERRIANS BECOME ECOLOGICAL
REFUGEES?
Pondicherry, a word born out of the
Frenchman's tongue is a variation of the Tamil word 'Puthucheri' which means
new settlement. Now at the fag end of this century we Pondicherrians have to
engage in the quest for new settlements. The danger of becoming ecological
refugees looms large. This is neither soothsaying nor a prophecy of doom. A
forewarning to plan our resource use in a proper manner to avert this
eventuality.
A Report on Ground Water survey and
exploration in the Union territory
of Pondicherry and its
environs prepared by a team of experts of Central Ground Water Board (Southern
Region-page 13) contains the following observations:
"The general strike of the cretaceous-Paleocene
formations trends NE-SW with gentle dips ranging 2 to 5 towards Southeast. The
Cuddalore sandstone formation though maintains the same strike, shows a dip up
to 10. The cretaceous and Paleocene beds form an inliers having been exposed
due to the denudation of the overlying Cuddalore formation which overlap them
completely. A low angle fault trending in NNE-SSW direction is inferred from
Mudrapalayam. This fault passes just west of the bore holes drilled by Oil and
Natural Gas Commission at Mudrapalayam and Muratandichavadi which when extended
passes close to Rayapudukuppam where the rocks show high and irregular dips.
Probably this fault takes a swerve towards North East beyond Rayapudukuppam and
runs along the out crop contact between the Manaveli and Kadaperikuppam
formations met with in the Oil and Natural Gas Commission bore hole at
Murattandichavadi is marked by breocinted clay stone indicating probably a
fault zone. The limited thickness of Kadeperikuppam formation in the bore holes
at Koluvari, Mudrapalayam and Muratanndichavadi appears to be the result of the
aforesaid faulting. It is presumed that this fault is met with much below at
depth further north of slim hole at Alankuppam.
Photo-geological study has also confirmed
the existence of a fault to the west of the coast line a straight scarp running
almost parallel to Pondicherry-Marakanam
East Coast Road. This straight coast line is also
indicative of some structural dislocation.
These observations made since 1973 contain
the shocking news about faults otherwise known as geo fractures.
Dr.S.M.Ramasamy Director of the Center for Remote Sensing of Bharathidasan
University explaining the findings on his project River Migration Tamil Nadu in
the interview to The Hindu says
But the East-North-East-West-South-West
trending faults on the contrary are showing left handed (sinistral) ongoing
translational movements and again the North-West-South-East trending faults are
showing right handed (extral) translation movement. Such sinisterly and dextrally
moving faults display definite morph tectonic anomalies in the remotely sensed
data and also in the field. In addition there is a conspicuous land subsidence
between Pondicherry
in the North-East and Cumbum valley in the South-West.
The same scholar in an article in the
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing dated September 1993 observed:
One such graben has been established along
NE-SW trending faults in between Pondicherry- Cuddalore in the North East and
Cumbum Valley in the South west ( Kodaikanal and Cumbum Valley).. It is
significant to observe that the earthquake epicenters fall along such NE-SW
trending fault in Pondicherry,
Cuddalore, Ariyalur, Dindigul and Kodaikanal.
The findings of the Central Ground water
Board and the findings based on the photographs taken by remote sensing have
confirmed the existence of faults. I.e. geofractures and the earthquake
epicenters in Pondicherry.
Let us seek the same scholar’s advice on
actions to be taken.
The present analysis shows that the NE trending
quaternary faults and the NE-SW trending quaternary reactivated faults are
seismicity prone in Tamil Nadu. Hence care must be taken in avoiding
developmental activities in the form of urbanization, industrialization and
also construction engineering structures. Hence it can be concluded that mainly
quaternary fracture systems and our quaternary reactivated pre Cambrian faults
are pollution accentuating fractures in Tamil Nadu (Pondicherry) and hence pollution discharging
industries should be avoided along NS trending fault systems.
Science is issuing a forewarning.
Scientists have suggested steps to prevent calamities. We the citizens of Pondicherry must be
concerned over these findings. Highlighting these is intended to harm none but
to forewarn. Dravida Ilaignar Peravai had taken up with the Union Minister of
Forests and Environment on 2.12.1995 the need to scientifically study the
geofracture. Pondicherry Administration also is apprised of this through a
memorandum submitted on 12-12.1995.
I appeal to the environmentalists of our
country in particular to generate sufficient awareness in the corridors of
power forcing our Administration to set up a team of scientists to study the
geo fracture, the evil effects of pollution discharging industries. the way to
arrest our ground water depletion etc.
The depletion of ground water will not only
result in salt water intrusion but also will aggravate the geofracture. In fact
most of our coastal villages suffer from salt water intrusion. We are getting
ground water in all the colors of the rainbow, due to the contamination of
ground water by pollution discharging industries. Eachangadu a tiny coastal
village with 250 families even today gets water in the color of engine oil from
its bore pumps. Our party's campaign led to the closure of the polluting
industry in February but even after 6 months villagers suffer without clean
drinking water.........
These issues were ignored. Later by 2000
when there were tremors and when in 2004 tsunami struck our coasts, some people
recalled our forewarnings made from a decade ago.
And now when waves lash our coasts, drawing
attention to the Sea
Coast erosion N.Nandhivarman
wrote an article in The New Indian Express of 4.06.2005. We reproduce it
here because it shows in past decade we continue to focus on Green Issues.